TGV/MGV - Lesson 28
Ba-|Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu - Tupa 28

Use of Multiple & Helper Verbs in Sentences
Isan t'Wehk- heh Gol'nev-Zhitlar svi'Zhit-ballar

In earlier lessons on verbs, we showed how some tenses and forms of verbs use helper words to accomplish the task, such as >Vesht dungi ki'kital sa-veh< (he would/should have written) or >Dungi gla-tor etek ha'gel< (we will see the light). This lesson builds on that information by explaining more how to use helper verbs and multiple verbs in normal TGV and MGV usage.

In TGV and MGV, multiple verb sentences are like "I want to go" or "She is expecting to find it" or "He needs to eat something", etc. Unlike verb tense constructions, multiple verb constructions have the main verb come first, then the subject, then any other verbs, then objects, if any. Using examples above, "I want to go" would be translated >Aitlu nash-veh hal-tor< (lit. Wants this-one to-go) and "He needs to eat something" would be >Bolau sa-veh yokul ein-vel< (lit. Needs he to-eat something). If there are adverbs with secondary verbs, they come before the verbs.

In TGV and MGV usage, helper verbs, such as > vun|-| < (have to, must) and > lau|-| < (may, might) behave just like the previously introduced > dungi|-| < (will, shall), which is itself a helper verb. Review the earlier Lesson 17 to see how > dungi|-| < works and substitute with > lau|-| < or > vun|-| <.


Vocabulary
Zhit-Feim

aitlu to want
bolau to need
dotor to plan
gish to expect
lau|-| may, might
rok-tor to hope
vun|-| have to, must
wedzh-tor to intend

ein-vel something
fa-gad tomorrow
halovausu traveler
irak-yet far enough
kloshah to behave
nash-gad today
nazhitovau to spell
nazhu-tor to listen
nuh'irak too far
oren-tor to learn
per-gluvaya play (performance of drama or comedy, etc.)
sahrafel to trust
skyem-kushel bird-of-prey
vashau to destroy
yel-hali starship
yokul to eat

Refer to the dictionaries for additional vocabulary. The student may need to review earlier lessons which showed how to make a sentence a question and on negation in sentences.


Examples
Li-fallar

"I want to leave" = >Aitlu nash-veh trasha< (lit. Wants this-one to-leave)

"He must go find the lost sehlat" = >Vun hal-tor sa-veh tal-tor paki-sehlat< (lit. Must go he to-find lost-sehlat)

"She needs to eat something" = >Bolau ko-veh yokul ein-vel< (lit. Needs she to-eat something)

"They expect to arrive tomorrow" = >Gish etek fa-gad lasha< (lit. Expect they tomorrow to-arrive)

"I hope to find the old book" = >Rok-tor nash-veh tal-tor os-dunap< (lit. Hopes this-one to-find old-book)

"Do you intend to see the play?" = >Wedzh-tor du gla-tor per-gluvaya ha< (lit. Intend you to-see play?)

"We need to learn how to fly" = >Bolau etek oren-tor uf hash-tor< (lit. Need we to-learn how to-fly)

"I am not planning to go to Shi'Kahr" = >Ri dotor nash-veh hal-tor na'Shi'Kahr< (lit. Not plan this-one to-go to-Shi'Kahr)

"That child needs to learn to listen" = >Bolau ish-kan oren-tor nazhu-tor< (lit. Needs that-child to-learn to-listen)

"You want to go too far today" = >Aitlu tu nash-gad nuh'irak hal-tor< (lit. Want you today too-far to-go)

"The two starships have to destroy the Klingon bird-of-prey" = >Vun-vashau dah yel-hali skyem-kushel Tlingansu< (lit. Must destroy starship bird-of-prey Klingon)

"I might find the way tomorrow" = >Lau tal-tor nash-veh yut fa-gad< (lit. Might-find this-one way tomorrow)


Exercise 1
Tusok 1

Translate the following into Federation Standard English:

1. Bolau tu yokul ein-vel ha. 2. Wedzh-tor ko-veh nash-gad gla-tor per-gluvaya. 3. Bolau kanlar oren-tor sahrafel. 4. Rok-tor T'Prel tal-tor suk'dunap. 5. Gish halovausu fa-gad lasha. 6. Dotor etek hal-tor na'Nazhat ha. 7. Bolau nash-kan oren-tor nazhitovau. 8. Aitlu tu irak-yet hal-tor. 9. Vun oren-tor we uf hash-tor. 10. Vun-vashau yel-hali skyem-kushellar Rihansu.

Exercise 2
Tusok 2

Translate the following into Golic Vulcan:

1. We need to eat something. 2. Do you intend to see the play tomorrow? 3. The children need to learn to behave. 4. Savek hopes to find the new book. 5. We expect to arrive tomorrow. 6. We are not planning to go to Shi'Platha. 7. That sehlat needs to learn to trust. 8. You always want to go too far. 9. They must learn how to fly. 10. The three starships have to destroy the Romulan bird-of-prey.


The student is encouraged to learn by creating other sentences with helper and multiple words.

This lesson was put online on
June 3, 2005.




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