TGV/MGV - Lesson 29
Ba-|Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu - Tupa 29

Non-Prepositional/Adverbial Modifiers
Ri-Fe-Shitakik|Nosh-Zhitik Rubitayeklar

TGV and MGV have a somewhat unique class of non-prepositional/adverbial modifiers which are normally prefixed to verbs and, on rare occasions, other words. Normal "adverbs" in TGV and MGV are the same as "adjectives", except for a few exceptions. For example, >vohris< can mean either "slow" (used as a standalone adjective) or "slowly" (used as an adverb). But the modifiers we address in this lesson are a rare class of normally prefixed words. It is important to understand the use of these modifiers, because they play a vital role in correct Golic grammar.

Normally these modifiers are prefixed to the word they modify. All of them are separated by an ulef-pekhaya (half-stop or apostrophe).

In sentences with multiple verbs, the modifier is applied to the verb it modifies most. You can also have more than one modifier in a sentence, but prefixed forms only come one to a verb, so other modifiers go with other verbs.

All of these modifiers have a stand-alone version which is used when a single verb is already modified and you need to use another of these words. The stand-alone word has no ulef-pekhaya. Examples below will show how this is done. What is prefixed and what is stand-alone will likely show shades of meaning.

Negated verbs with one of these prefixes have the >ri< come before the prefixed verb. For example, >Ri i'aitlu nash-veh trasha< (lit. Not now-wants this-one to-leave, meaning "I don't want to leave now").

These modifiers do not modify helper verbs, like "dungi|-|", "kup|-|", "lau|-|" or "vun|-|".


Vocabulary
Zhit-Feim

ak, ak' soon
i, i' now
la, la' here
ta, ta' later
tra, tra' there
wa, wa' especially, particularly, really, truly, etc. (used for emphasis)

Refer to past lessons and the dictionaries for additional vocabulary. The student may need to review earlier lessons on use of verbs.


Examples
Li-fallar

"I want to leave now" = >I'aitlu nash-veh trasha< (lit. Now-wants this-one to-leave)

"We do not want to leave now" = >Ri i'aitlu etek trasha< (lit. Not now-want we to-leave)

"He must go soon" = >Vun ak'hal-tor sa-veh< (lit. Must soon-go he)

"She expects to arrive here today" = >Gish ko-veh nash-gad la'lasha< (lit. Expects she today here-arrive)

"We hope to find sehlats there" = >Rok-tor etek tra'tal-tor sehlatlar< (lit. Hope we there-find sehlats)

"I really want to see the play" = >Wa'aitlu nash-veh gla-tor per-gluvaya< (lit. Really-wants this-one to-see play)

"Soval needs to learn how to fly now" = >I'bolau Soval oren-tor uf hash-tor< (lit. Now-needs Soval to-learn how to-fly)

"They are not planning to go to Earth soon" = >Ri dotor au ak'hal-tor na'Terra< (lit. Not plan they soon-go to-Earth)

"Do you want to go there tomorrow?" = >Aitlu tu fa-gad tra'hal-tor ha< (lit. Want you tomorrow there-go?)

"Destroy the Romulan bird-of-prey now!" = >I'vasha'uh skyem-kushel Rihansu..< (lit. Now-destroy bird-of-prey Romulan!)

"I really need to leave now" = >Wa'bolau nash-veh i'trasha< (lit. Really-needs this-one now-leave)

"The Cardassian is truly dying now" = >Wa'tev-tor Kardassu i< (lit. Truly-dies Cardassian now) (Preferred translation) OR >I'tev-tor Kardassu wa< (lit. Now-dies Cardassian truly) (A different shade of meaning)

"I am really going later" = >Ta'hal-tor nash-veh wa< (lit. Later-goes this-one really) (Preferred translation) OR >Wa'hal-tor nash-veh ta< (lit. Really-goes this-one later) (A different shade of meaning)


Exercise 1
Tusok 1

Translate the following into Federation Standard English:

1. Ak'bolau Suvat oren-tor uf hash-tor. 2. I'hal-tor au wa. 3. Wa'bolau sa-veh i'trasha. 4. Aitlu tular nash-gad tra'hal-tor ha. 5. Dotor nash-veh ak'hal-tor na'Venus. 6. I'bolau etek vashau skyem-kushel Rihansu. 7. Ri wa'aitlu tu gla-tor per-gluvaya. 8. Gish sa-veh fa-gad la'lasha. 9. I'aitlu Tuvok trasha. 10. Vun ak'hal-tor ko-veh. 11. Rok-tor Stonn tra'tal-tor T'Pring.

Exercise 2
Tusok 2

Translate the following into Golic Vulcan:

1. T'Pol needs to learn how to fly later. 2. We are really going soon. 3. She really needs to leave now. 4. Do they want to go there tomorrow? 5. I am not planning to go to Mars soon. 6. You need to destroy the Klingon bird-of-prey now. 7. She really wants to see the play. 8. They expect to arrive here tomorrow. 9. Sokak wants to leave now. 10. We must go soon. 11. Spock hopes to find Kirk there.


The student is encouraged to learn by creating other sentences with these non-prepositional/adverbial modifiers.

This lesson was put online on
June 10, 2005.




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operating as the Vulcan Language Institute™.

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