TGV/MGV - Lesson 25
Ba-|Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu - Tupa 25

PREPOSITIONAL VERBS
Fe-Shitakik Tor-Zhitlar


    This is the first lesson that is based on questions and feedback from students of the Golic languages who wanted more information on specific verbs. So here you go!

    In Federation Standard English (FSE), there are many verbs that are the counterpart of a compound noun which has a prepositional component. An example of this is the verb "fall down" which, in one usage, is a pair with the compound noun "downfall". The prepositional component (down) is affixed in the noun but follows separately in the verb. Some verb-compound noun pairs have the same or a similar form. For example, "back up" and "backup" or "bypass" and "bypass". Thus, in this verb construction in FSE, the prepositional component may be prefixed or suffixed, and it may or may not be separated in the verb.

    Golic Vulcan does not have this construction exactly, but it does have something somewhat similar. Any verb created from another verb with a preposition-based prefix, is called a prepositional verb (fe-shitakik tor-zhit). These prepositional verbs can be weak or strong, regular or irregular, just like any other Golic Vulcan verbs. For example, >mashalovau< (to sail) but >samashalovau" (to sail away). In this case, the matching noun >samashalovaya< would be translated as the gerundal "away-sailing" or "sailing-away". Another example would be >is-tor< (to use) and the prepositional verb >neis-tor< (to use up). >Is< means "use" but >neis< would translate as "using-up". Unfortunately, since Golic Vulcan invariably has verb-noun pairs, translation of the matching noun for a prepositional verb can sometimes only be rendered in an awkward FSE construction. The following tables show examples and the notes explain more.


    Prepositional Verbs and Matching Nouns
    Fe-Shitakik Tor-Zhitlar heh Pashifan-Vel-Zhitlar
Prepositional
Verb		 Matching Compound
Noun or Phrase
Abu-Sarlah (to come up) Abu-Sarlahn (coming-up, up-coming)
Ak'Hal-tor (to go soon) Ak'Halan (soon-going)
Fabehal-tor (to pass, overtake) Fabehalan (pass/passing, overtaking)
Fasarlah (to come forward) Fasarlahn (coming-forward, forward-coming)
I'Lasha (to arrive now) I'Lashan (now-arrival)
Kemeskarau (to hold against) Kemeskaraya (against-holding)
Kwi'Shoret (to call out to/beckon from far away) Kwi'Shoren (calling-out to/beckoning from far away)
La'Bek-tor (to wait here) La'Bek (here-wait, wait here)
Mes-Nakh-tor (to cross-index) Mes-Nakhan (cross-indexing)
Mestev-tor (to fall across) Mestevan (across-fall, falling-across)
Nahal-tor (to go towards) Nahalan (going-towards, towards-going)
Namishau (to adjust) Namishaya (adjustment)
Neis-tor (to use up) Neis (using-up)
Nemashau (to dehydrate) Nemashaya (dehydration)
Nusarlah (to come down, descend) Nusarlahn (come-down, down-coming, descent)
Nutev-tor (to fall down) Nutevan (downfall, falling-down)
Pamutau (to bypass) Pamutaya (bypass)
Patal-tor (to detect) Patalan (detection)
Po-Hutau (produce an aftershock) Po-Hutaya (aftershock)
Sakadvin-tor (to decommission) Sakadvin (decommissioning)
Sakatau (to bring out) Sakataya (bringing-out, out-bringing)
Samashalovau (to sail away) Samashalovaya (away-sailing, sailing-away)
Sastorau (to make a breakthrough) Sastoraya (breakthrough)
Satersau (to disconnect) Satersaya (disconnection)
Skahal-tor (to get off of, disembark) Skahalan (getting-off of, disembarkation)
Skapa'shau (to clear off) Skapa'shaya (clear-off, clearing-off)
Svi-Shau (to interrupt) Svi-Shaya (interruption)
Vikatau (to bring in) Vikataya (bring-in, bringing-in)
Visarlah (to come in/into, enter) Visarlahn (coming-in, in-coming, entry)
Visolektrau (to bury) Visolektraya (burial)
Visovau (to blow up, inflate) Visovaya (blowup, inflation)
Zahal-tor (to follow) Zahalan (following)
Misc. Examples of Prepositional Verbs
    Notes
    Pitohlar

    1. Although most prepositional verbs have the prepositional component directly prefixed to the root verb, there are some spelling requirements, mostly to avoid confusion with another word, that require a punctuation mark. This will nearly always be a hyphen (pakh). Students will learn these in the dictionaries.

    2. There are a couple prepositions, like >kwi'<, when prefixed to a verb, retain the apostrophe (ulef-pekhaya). Examples will be found in the dictionaries.

    3. There are a few modifiers, like >ak'<, >i'< and >la'<, which are not prepositions, but when prefixed to a verb, turn it into a prepositional verb. These will be dealt with more in another lesson.

    4. The prepositional component in Golic Vulcan prepositional verbs is never separated as it is in some similar FSE constructions. For example, "Sonok falls down the stairs" would be >Netev-tor Sonok kaiden< (lit. "Fall-down Sonok stairs") NOT >Tev-tor Sonok nu'kaiden<. Or, another example: "T'Pol gets off the shuttlecraft" would be >Skahal-tor T'Pol shan-hali< (lit. "Get-off T'Pol shuttlecraft"). This can be confusing to non-Golic speakers who are used to separating the prepositional component from the noun and using it as a preposition with the verb, but practice will make it more familiar.

    5. The root verb >sarlah< (to come) nearly always refers to living beings or animals when it is affixed to become a prepositional verb. So, for example, >visarlah< (to come in/into, enter) refers only to beings/animals. The verb >svi-tor< (to come in/into, enter) would be used for most other uses. The dictionaries show the distinctions.


    There are no exercises for this lesson.

    The student is encouraged to study the dictionaries for prepositional verbs and try using them in sentences.




This lesson was put online on
January 17, 2005.




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operating as the Vulcan Language Institute™.

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