TGV/MGV - Lesson 31
Ba-|Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu - Tupa 31

USE OF ADVERBS
Is t'Nosh-Zhitlar

This is another lesson that directly comes from requests of students. Several students wanted more in-depth information on how TGV and MGV speakers use adverbs in sentences. This lesson clarifies what was mentioned some time ago that adverbs are nearly always the same as adjectives. Also, refer to the recent lesson on non-prepositional/adverbial modifiers.

In FSE, adverbs normally modify a verb, another adverb or an adjective. Many of them are based on an adjective. For example, "quick" (adjective) and "quickly" (adverb). Many FSE adverbs end with the suffix "~ly". But words like "too" are also adverbs, and can modify another adverb or an adjective. For example, "too slow" (modified adjective) and "too slowly" (modified adverb).

In TGV and MGV, these parts of speech are called >nosh-zhitlar< (condition-words). Many of them have an adjectival base and are structurally close to their root adjective. Non-adjectivally based adverbs and some historical artifacts exist in the language. These will be pointed out in the dictionaries.

In TGV and MGV, the adverbs normally precede the verb they modify. If there is more than one, they come in order of importance. Below are charts of some of these adverbs.


Vocabulary
Zhit-Feim

Adverb	Adjectival Base
akali (urgently)	akali|-| (urgent)
fnau (tamely)	fnau|-| (tame)
fnu-bosh (hatefully)	fnu-bosh|-| (hateful)
glan-fam (blindly)	glan-fam-, glan-famik (blind)
huht (solidly)	huht-, huhtik (solid)
lamekh (warmly)	lamekh|-| (warm)
mos (softly)	mos|-| (soft)
ras (heavily)	ras|-| (heavy)
reshnek (angrily)	reshnek|-| (angry)
riwehat (rarely)	riwehat|-| (rare)
sahris (fast, quickly, rapidly)	sahr-, sahris (fast, quick, rapid)
tor-yehat (possibly)	tor-yehat (possible)
vohris (slowly)	vohr-, vohris (slow)

Adverbs Based on Adjectives

Adverb	Related Word(s) (If Any)
nuh' (too)	---
ruhm (even)	---
svi'udish (inside)	svi' (inside)
thu (then)	---
vah (as)	---
yeht-fam (false, falsely)	riyeht|-| (false)

Adverbs Not Directly Based on Adjectives

Examples
Li-Fallar

You are going too fast! -- Nuh'sahris hal-tor du.. (lit. Too-fast go you!)

I am going inside now -- Svi'udish i'hal-tor nash-veh (lit. Inside now-go this-one)

They are possibly arriving tomorrow -- Tor-yehat lasha au fa-gad (lit. Possibly arrive they tomorrow)

Sonok angrily dropped the book -- Reshnek vesht set-tor Sonok dunap (lit. Angrily dropped Sonok book)

T'Pan blindly follows his orders -- Glan-fam zahal-tor T'Pan tranlar t'sa-veh (lit. Blindly follows T'Pan orders of-he)

We rarely eat kleetanta with forati sauce -- Riwehat yokul etek klitanta k'forati-mun (lit. Rarely eat we kleetanta with forati sauce)

The admiral even knows your father and mother -- Ruhm fai-tor halitra-lan sa-mekh heh ko-mekh t'du (lit. Even knows admiral father and mother of-you)

Supan reads too fast but T'Lara reads too slowly -- Nuh'sahris telv-tor Supan hi nuh'vohris |telv-tor| T'Lara (lit. Too-fast reads Supan but too-slowly |reads| T'Lara) (The second use of "telv-tor" is not necessary.)

The boy slowly dropped the ball and quickly ran inside -- Vohris vesht set-tor sa-kan dukal heh sahris svi'udish vesht sahr-tor (lit. Slowly dropped boy ball and quickly inside ran)


There are no exercises for this lesson at this time.

The student is encouraged to experiment using adverbs in sentences.

This lesson was put online on
July 8, 2005.




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