TGV/MGV - Lesson 22
Ba-|Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu - Tupa 22
THE USE OF NEGATION IN SENTENCES
Is t'Riyin svi'Zhit-Ballar
This lesson deals with the negation of verbs in Traditional and Modern Golic Vulcan sentences.
Notes
Pitohlar
1. In Golic Vulcan, the word "ri" is nearly identical to the word "not" in Federation Standard English. To negate the action of a verb in Golic Vulcan, you normally precede it with "ri". For example, >bolau nash-veh< means "I need" and >ri bolau nash-veh< means "I do not need" (literally, "not need this-one").
2. The confusion for students of Golic Vulcan arises with emphasis. In Golic Vulcan, "ri" can actually move to show emphasis of where the negation lies. For example, >ri tishau sa-veh ko-veh< means "he does not like her" (literally, "not like he her"). This would be the normal translation of the sentence if no particular emphasis is intended. But if you want to emphasize that "he" specially does not like "her", you would say >tishau sa-veh ri ko-veh< which means "he does not like her" (literally, "like he not her"). This would imply that "he" likes others but not "her" specifically. And, of course, >tishau ri sa-veh ko-veh< means "he does not like her" (literally, "like not he her"). This would imply that "he" does not like "her" but others do.
3. When emphasis is needed to be made and multiple objects and/or subjects exist in a sentence, "ri" will precede any that it applies to. For example, >Tishau Sonok T'Sau hi ri T'Pan< means "Sonok likes T'Sau but not T'Pan" (literally, "likes Sonok T'Sau but not T'Pan").
4. You do not repeat a single verb in normal usage, even if it applies differently in the sentence. For example, >Tishau ri Sonok hi Stonn T'Pol< means "Sonok does not like Stonn but likes T'Pol" (literally, "likes not Sonok but Stonn T'Pol".) But, of course, if both Sonok and Stonn don't like T'Pol, then you'd say >Ri tishau Sonok heh Stonn T'Pol< meaning "Sonok and Stonn don't like T'Pol" (literally, "not like Sonok and Stonn T'Pol.)
5. When there are multiple verbs in a sentence, you apply "ri" to the verbs needed. For example, >Ri tishau il bolau Sonok uzh dunaplar< means "Sonok does not like or need new books" (literally, "not like or need Sonok new books"). In this case, with the negation before a series of verbs, all verbs are negated. If one verb needs to be negated, but others do not, the non-negated verbs always precede negated verbs. For example, >Tishau hi ri bolau Sonok uzh dunaplar< means "Sonok likes but does not need new books" (literally, "like but not need Sonok new books"). Of course, when there are "helper" verbs in combination with a normal verb, the "ri" precedes the "helper" verb. For example, >Ri tishau mavau T'Pan ka'athaira< meaning "T'Pan does not like to play the ka'athyra" (literally, "not like play T'Pan ka'athyra").
Exercise 1
Tusok 1
Translate the following from Federation Standard English:
1. I do not like you. 2. The sehlat does not like me. 3. Sonok does not like T'Pan. 4. He does not like me or her. 5. T'Pol likes Stonn but not Sonok. 6. The le-matya does not like us. 7. Stonn and Sonok like me but not you. 8. We like fruit but not meat. 9. T'Pol does not like Stonn but likes Sonok. 10. You like Stonn, T'Pol and T'Pan but not Sonok. 11. Sonok does not like Stonn, T'Pol or T'Pan. 12. T'Luki likes but does not need soup. 13. Stonn does not like to play the ryill.
Exercise 2
Tusok 2
Translate the following from Golic Vulcan:
1. Tishau tu ri nash-veh. 2. Ri tishau sehlat Spola. 3. Ri tishau T'Pan Sonok. 4. Ri tishau au nash-veh il du. 5. Tishau Kirk McCoy hi ri Bishop. 6. Ri tishau le-matya sa-veh. 7. Tishau nash-veh kahm hi ri savas. 8. Tishau T'Pring ri Spock hi Stonn. 9. Tishau Sonok heh Stonn du hi ri nash-veh. 10. Tishau ko-veh Sonok - T'Luki eh T'Sai hi ri T'Pol. 11. Ri tishau Vorik Stonn - T'Pring il T'San. 12. Tishau hi ri bolau Sonak thas. 13. Ri tishau mavau Tuvok kal-toh.
The student is encouraged to learn further by making new sentences based on words from the dictionaries.
This lesson was put online on
November 5, 2004.
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operating as the Vulcan Language Institute™.
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