TGV/MGV - Lesson 12
Ba-|Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu - Tupa 12

ADJECTIVAL FORMS
Rub-Zhit-Shidlar

This lesson builds on the information in Lesson 8.
The student might find it useful to review that lesson now.

New Vocabulary
Uzh-Zhit-Feim

abrashau to pick up
set-tor to drop
tev-tor to fall
vazgau to steal

s' from

akansu an alien
Andorsu an Andorian
Beidzhorsu a Bajoran
Beituh'zedsu a Betazed
Deltasu a Deltan
ek'zer gem, jewel
Ferengi a Ferengi
Gornarsu a Gorn
Horta a Horta
Kardassu a Cardassian
kitau-skaf desk
kosu woman
lan-tol floor
Melkotsu a Melkotian
natuhn box
Raidzhelsu a Rigellian
Rihansu a Romulan
salasu a native
sasu man
Tellarsu a Tellarite
Terrasu an Earthling (Terran)
Tlingansu a Klingon
Vuhlkansu a Vulcan

See also the chart below


Notes
Pitohlar

1. In Traditional and Modern Golic Vulcan, nearly every true adjective has two forms -- Combining Form and Non-Combining Form. (If you have not already done so, please review the material in Lesson 8 for a basic introduction to adjectives.)

2. The Combining Form of most adjectives is the base root word, although there are a few exceptions to be seen in our large vocabulary lists. This "root" is then prefixed to the noun to modify it.

3. The Non-Combining Form of most adjectives is the base root word, suffixed with the adjectival ending "~ik". These are considered "Regular Adjectives". Of course, many adjectives borrowed from older or other languages do not follow this construction. These are considered "Irregular Adjectives". The student will learn these through study and practice.

4. Adjectives based on verbs ending in "ai" or "au" are nearly always formed by directly suffixing "~k"; for example, "volaik" or "patauk". These are also considered Regular Adjectives.

5. Some Irregular Adjectives have the same spelling for both Combining and Non-Combining Form. The best known of these is "tsuri" (common, regular, usual) and its negative counterpart "ritsuri" (uncommon, irregular, unusual). Of course, the Combining Form is still separated by a punctuation mark.

6. It is the tendency in Golic Vulcan to prefer using the Combining Form whenever possible. Therefore, if the noun is composed of no more than two word segments -- for example, "dal" or "dal-nath" -- then the Combining Form of the adjective is often prefixed to the noun. A Combining Form is never prefixed to a trinary word such as "bai-lon-tak", due to the Golic Vulcan word formation rule that prevents such formation. Always use the Non-Combining Form with a trinary word. Note: When an adjectival form is used in addressing someone when a name is not known, the Non-Combining form is invariably used. So, "hey, little boy, leave my sehlat alone" would use "pi sa-kan" and not "pi'sa-kan".

7. Golic Vulcan forms an adjective referring to or describing something to do with a specific people, race or culture by using the same form for the name of the people or their language but it is not capitalized. This is because the Vulcan characters are all the same size in this special adjective. For example, someone from Bajor or their language is "Beidzhorsu" (Bajoran) but the adjective is "beidzhorsu" (Bajoran). This form nearly always follows the noun it describes. So if you wanted to say "Bajoran wilderness" it would be "shi'kwai beidzhorsu" (literally, "wilderness Bajoran").

8. Golic Vulcan also has a construction that acts as an adjective; this is colloquially called a "With Modifier" but actually has no official grammatical term. Two examples are "k'avon" (hungry, literally "with hunger") and "k'mag" (thirsty, literally "with thirst"). These were once very common in older forms of the Golic Vulcan languages but are not as common in Traditional or Modern Golic. Since these words are already prefixed with a preposition, no other prepositions can be added. To say "with the hungry le-matya", for example, you'd say "k'le-matya k'avon".

In the tables below are some examples of various kinds of adjectives in both forms:



F.S. English	TGV/MGV Combining Form	TGV/MGV Non-Combining Form
acidic	sash-	sashik
aggressive	kres-	kresik
alkaline	sovash-	sovashik
angry	reshen-	reshnek
automatic	shati-	shatik
big, large	suk'	suk
black	nesh-	nesh-kur
blind	glan-fam-	glan-famik
bright	ugel-	ugelik
clear	pa'shi-	pa'shik
cold	sam-	samek
common, regular	tsuri-	tsuri
dead	tevi-	tevik
deaf	zhu-fam-	zhu-famik
dishonest	ritrau-	ritrau
dishonorable	ridor-	ridorli
easy, simple	veli-	velik
fast	sahr-	sahris
fat	thel-	thelik
foreign	---	k'shatri
frequent	vakav-	vakav
general	pa'es-	paik
good	rom-	rom
harmful	klau-bosh-	klau-bosh
healthy	muhl-bosh-	muhl-bosh
heavy	ras-	ras
honest	trau-	trau
honorable	dor-	dorli
hot	fal-	fal
hungry	---	k'avon
ill, sick	has-bosh-	has-bosh
jealous	kis-	kis-ka
little, small	pi'	pi
long	wu-	wu
mature	vin-	vinik
medical	has-	hasuk
microscopic	numo-	numo
modern	iyi-	iyik
mutant	tsel-	tselik
native	sala-	salatik
natural	malat-	malatik
next	thurai-	thurai
obese	thel'an-	thel'anik
old-fashioned	---	vesh-nartauk
original	tvesh-	tveshik
peaceful	sochya-bosh-	sochya-bosh
possible	---	tor-yehat
pretty	takov-	takov
quiet	hizh-	hizhuk
radioactive	---	galu-sayuk
right, correct	yeht-	yeht
same	ka-	ka
short	pen-	pen
silent	ralash-fam-	ralash-famik
slow	vohr-	vohris
static	vit-	vitik
tall	ha-vol-	ha-vol
tame	fnau-	fnau
telepathic	---	irak-nahik
thick	bali-	bali
thirsty	---	k'mag
tired	zungri-	zungor
traditional	ba-	baik
ugly	watosh-	watosh
united	---	kaunshuk
useless	is-fam-	is-famik
violent	khrash-	khrashik
white	wan-	wan-kur




Exercise 1
Tusok 1

Translate the following into Federation Standard English:

1. Tlingansu khrashik hi Deltasu sochya-bosh. 2. Zhai-sehlatlar fnau hi le-matyalar kresik. 3. Ferengi ritrau hi Vuhlkansu trau. 4. Raidzhelsu k'avon heh k'mag. 5. Nesh-sehlat heh pla-kushel pi eh hizhuk. 6. Shitau Sonok ras-dunap fi'suk'pasu. 7. Dvin-tor T'Luki yar-sazhlar heh zhar-savaslar. 8. Abrashau reshnek Kardassu pi'natuhn s'kitau-skaf. 9. Tev-tor wu-lipau fi'lan-tol. 10. Set-tor Rihansu suk'snauk fi'yar-pasu. 11. Vazgau ridorli Tellarsu ek'zerler t'etek s'pi'kitau-skaf. 12. Ha-vol Beituh'zedsu glan-fam heh pen Vuhlkansu zhu-fam.


Exercise 2
Tusok 2

Translate the following into Golic Vulcan:

1. The Rigellian is violent but the Horta is peaceful. 2. The black sehlats are tame but the le-matyas are aggressive. 3. The Ferengi is dishonest but the Earthling is honest. 4. The Klingon is hungry and thirsty. 5. The grey sehlat and the blackbird are small and quiet. 6. T'Luki puts the heavy book on the small table. 7. The angry Andorian picks up the large box from the desk. 8. Sonok serves orange vegetables and blue fruits. 9. The long spoon falls on the floor. 10. The Romulan drops the large fork on the blue table. 11. The dishonorable Gorn steals our jewels from the big desk. 12. The tall Vulcan is blind and the short Betazed is deaf.


The student is encouraged to learn further by making new sentences based on words from the dictionaries.

This lesson was put online on
January 4, 2001.
And was most recently updated on
July 27, 2006.




All original work on these pages ©1980-2016 by Mark R. Gardner et al
operating as the Vulcan Language Institute™.

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